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ddn-mgt-bulletin-116.txt
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DDN MGT Bulletin 116 DISA DDN Defense Communications System
10 February 1993 Published by: DDN Network Info Center
(NIC@NIC.DDN.MIL) (800) 365-3642
DEFENSE DATA NETWORK
MANAGEMENT BULLETIN
The DDN MANAGEMENT BULLETIN is distributed online by the DDN Network
Information Center under DISA contract as a means of communicating
official policy, procedures and other information of concern to
management personnel at DDN facilities. Back issues may be read
through the TACNEWS server ("@n" command at the TAC) or may be
obtained by FTP (or Kermit) from the NIC.DDN.MIL host [192.112.36.5]
using login="anonymous" and password="guest". The pathname
for bulletins is ddn-news/ddn-mgt-bulletin-nn.txt (where "nn" is the
bulletin number).
************************************************************************
New Core Routing Servers
and Need for Migration from EGP to BGP
1. This message addresses the deployment of new core routing servers
(BBN T/20s) and the need for MILNET subscriber gateways to transition
from using the External Gateway Protocol (EGP) to using the new Border
Gateway Protocol (BGP) to gather routing information. DISA strongly
recommends BGP capability be in place by July, 1993. The following
topics will be addressed:
- Reasons for the need to switch from EGP to BGP
- Operational differences between EGP and BGP
- Required revision levels for software in subscriber gateways
- Configuration changes required in subscriber gateways
- Impact on gateways if they do not move from EGP to BGP
- Contact person for further assistance.
2. Currently, approximately 420 MILNET gateways exchange EGP
information with the Mailbridges. Based on this and historical
data on the number of MILNET gateways, and assuming that the growth
rate does not change abruptly, it is currently projected that the
number of MILNET gateways will reach 510 by September 1993.
EGP propagates reachability information for a maximum of 510 gateways.
This maximum is the sum of 255 interior neighbors plus 255 exterior
neighbors from the two 8-bit fields in the EGP update message. EGP
will not translate any reachability information for gateways beyond
510, and information on networks reachable through the 511th gateway
and above will be lost. BGP, on the other hand, is not subject to
this limit of 510 gateways.
The Butterfly Mailbridges do not support BGP. Efforts are underway
to replace the Mailbridges with the T/20, which DOES support both
EGP and BGP, as core route servers. The replacement will be
completed by June of 1993. The T/20 is capable of supporting both
BGP2 and BGP3, and it will also do version negotiation. The
details of the T/20 deployment as route servers will be given in
a separate Management Bulletin.
In anticipation of reaching the 510-gateway limit, it is crucial
that MILNET subscriber gateways have BGP functionality before
September of 1993. This may require software upgrades for some
gateways. DISA will establish a user testing capability no later
than 1 Apr 93. As soon as possible, DISA will provide a telephone
contact for user testing.
3. BGP performs essentially the same function as EGP, i.e., it enables
the exchange of routing information between gateways in different
autonomous systems. A significant operational difference between
BGP and EGP is that EGP updates contain the entire routing table
information of the sending gateway, while BGP updates contain only
the CHANGES in the sending gateway's routing table information.
Once BGP has been fully deployed, the result will be a substantial
decrease in the amount of overhead traffic carrying routing table
information on the MILNET.
4. BGP currently exists in two versions (versions 2 and 3); T/20 is
compatible with both. There is very little difference between
BGP 2 and BGP 3, especially in the implmentations in the CISCOs
and T/20 routers. BGP 4, however, is quite different from the
previous versions and is NOT yet supported in the T/20s. If the
vendor supports only BGP 4 and does not negotiate versions, the
T/20 router servers will not work.
Existing implementations of the various versions of BGP in CISCO
and other vendor systems are available for the following versions of
software:
BGP 1 BGP 2 BGP 3 BGP 4
----- ----- ----- -----
CISCO ----- 8.3 9.0.2* ??
GateD Gated 2.1 GateD 3.0Alpha GateD 3.0Alpha Summer, 1993
Proteon ----- ----- ---** April, 1993
3-Com ----- ----- Summer, 1993
* BGP 3 is available in release 9.0. Depending on your configuration
requirments, 9.0.2 may be a more bug-free version.
** Per Proteon, their implementation of BGP4 will be backward compatible
with, and will support version negotiation with, BGP 3.
If your gateway is not a CISCO or a GateD system, check with
your gateway vendor to determine which software version will
support BGP. You should also determine if your hardware platform
will be able to support the software release.
NOTE:
There is an operational problem with the use of BGP. The BGP 2
and 3 specifications have a feature that is not required for
implementation specifying net 0.0.0.0 as the dynamic default route.
MILNET core router service depends on the BGP implementation in
both BBN T/20 routers and CISCO routers. The dynamic default route
is not supported by any CISCO software releases supporting BGP,
including the current release (9.0.3). In fact, if a 0.0.0.0
address is provided to a CISCO router in a BGP update, the BGP
session on the router will fail. CISCO intends to correct this
problem and implement the dynamic default route in release 9.0.4.1.
This correction is also scheduled for release 9.1.3. DISA does
not have release dates for these CISCO software versions.
However, DISA believes these software releases will be available
before the MILNET gateway count exceeds 510. In order to best
manage this situation, DISA intends to deploy the T/20s and continue
use of EGP as long as necessary.
5. Once the conversion to BGP begins, configuration changes in the
subscriber gateways will be confined to activating a BGP rather than
an EGP process and to selecting new primary and secondary Internet
Route Servers (now T/20s rather than Mailbridges) at different IP
addresses than are currently used by the Mailbridges. Details
concerning the new server addresses and the gateways that have been
assigned to these new servers will be contained in forthcoming DDN
management bulletins.
6. If gateways do not switch from BGP to EGP, they can continue to do
EGP with the T/20s and to receive routing table information
from the T/20s in the same fashion as they currently do from the
Mailbridges. However, if the number of gateways on the MILNET
exceeds 510, EGP updates received by the non-BGP subscribers will be
incomplete because gateways above the 510 count will simply be dropped
from the update. This will result in gaps in the subscriber gateway's
routing table, thus causing greater use of default routers and an
overall decrease in network efficiency.
7. If you have any questions concerning BGP, please contact Maj Tatchio --
DSN: 222-2757
Com'l: (703) 692-2757,
email: milnetmgr@ddn-conus.ddn.mil